Friday, September 4, 2020

Definition and Examples of Sound Bites

Definition and Examples of Sound Bites A sound nibble is a short selection from a book or execution (normally extending from a solitary word to a sentence or two) that is intended to catch the intrigue and consideration of a crowd of people. Otherwise called a get or a clasp. In late presidential decisions, said Craig Fehrmanâ in 2012, the normal TV sound nibble has dropped to a tick under eight seconds (The Boston Globe). During the 1960s, a 40-second solid chomp was the standard. Models and Observations From Other Writers From the late 1960s to the late 1980s, the spot of speech in U.S. open culture was shrinkingliterally. In 1968, the normal sound chomp in presidential political race news inclusion was over 43 seconds in length. In 1972, it dropped to 25 seconds. In 1976, it was 18 seconds; in 1980, 12 seconds; in 1984, only 10 seconds. When the 1988 political race season moved around, the size of the normal sound chomp had been diminished to under 9 seconds. . . . Before the finish of the 1980s, . . . the reality allocated to political rhetoric in the American predominant press had just been steadily eroded.(Megan Foley, Sound Bites: Rethinking the Circulation of Speech From Fragment to Fetish. Way of talking and Public Affairs, Winter 2012)A day like today isn't a day for sound nibbles, truly. In any case, I feel the hand of history upon our shoulders.(Prime Minister Tony Blair on showing up in Belfast, Northern Ireland, for the discussions that created the Good Friday Agreement, April 8, 1998Seeki ng to nudge Congress to give more cash to help keep cutbacks from nearby and state governments, [President] Obama focused on how much happier privately owned businesses are doing as far as employing.  â€Å"The private segment is doing fine, he stated, quickly giving Mitt Romney a similar sort of guard sticker sound nibble that Mr. Obama utilized against Mr. McCain four years back. (Michael D. Shear, Republicans Take Aim at Obama’s ‘Doing Fine’ Comments. The New York Times, June 8, 2012) Over pictures of industrial facility representatives working diligently and grinning families, a broadcaster says, when a million occupations were on the line, each Republican competitor turned their back, even stated, Let Detroit go Bankrupt.Then the business turns to the president. Not him, says the broadcaster as a sound chomp of the president plays. Don’t wager against the American vehicle industry, Mr. Obama is indicated saying.(Jeremy W. Dwindles, Obama Goes After Republicans in New Michigan Ad. The New York Times, February 23, 2012)I am even informed that you like your perusing in short blasts now. Little pieces. Sound nibbles. Like that. Since you are occupied. In a surge. Like to brush. Like cows. A chomp here. A nibble there. A lot to do. No extra time. Under tension. Bollocks. Apathetic. Idiotic. Finger out. Socks up.It was not in every case in this way. Time was the point at which an Englishman could joyfully gawp at a solitary sentence for an hour at once. The per fect magazine paper took generally as long to peruse as it took your umbrella to dry.(Michael Bywater, The Chronicles of Bargepole. Jonathan Cape, 1992) Sound Bites as Compressed Arguments As Peggy Noonan has clarified so well, a sound nibble is the summit of good composition and a decent contention. Ask not what your nation can do ... or on the other hand The main thing we need to fear ... spoken to the most keen purpose of the talks behind them. (John Dickerson, Dispatches From the Republican National Convention.Slate, August 30, 2012)The sound-nibble ought to embody the primary concern of the contention; the most grounded assessment or response. Again there is a risk of twisting by over-stressing the effectively insistent and polarizing a perspective, and this threat must be wiped out via cautiously clarifying the setting in which the comments were made. (Andrew Boyd, Peter John Stewart, and Ray Alexander, Broadcast Journalism: Techniques of Radio and Television News, sixth ed. Central Press, 2008) The Sound Bite Culture A sound chomp society is one that is overflowed with pictures and mottos, bits of data and condensed or representative messagesa culture of moment however shallow correspondence. It isn't only a culture of delight and utilization, however one of promptness and triviality, in which the very idea of news disintegrates in a tide of equation based mass amusement. It is a general public anesthetized to viciousness, one that is pessimistic yet uncritical, and unconcerned with, if not derisive of, the more intricate human undertakings of participation, conceptualization, and genuine talk. . . . The sound chomp culture . . . centers around the prompt and the self-evident; the close term, and the specific; on personality among appearance and reality; and on the self instead of bigger networks. Most importantly, it is a general public that flourishes with effortlessness and abhors complexity.(Jeffrey Scheuer, The Sound Bite Society: How Television Helps the Right and Hurts the Left. Routledge, 2001) TV Journalism and Sound Bites In any crusade change, it must be recognized that TV news is an assistant just as a survivor of the politicos. The sound chomp is to TV what the tooth nibble was to Dracula. The workplace searcher who has an idea that takes over 30 seconds to communicate turns makers crazy. (Walter Goodman, Toward a Campaign of Substance in 92. The New York Times, March 26, 1990)Television is the adversary of multifaceted nature. You once in a while have the opportunity to communicate the fine focuses, the provisos, the setting of your subject. Youre continually being interfered with similarly as you attempt to make a bigger point. What works best on a television show is the smart joke, the guileful affront, the authoritative assertion. What makes you look powerless and swaying is an affirmation that your case isn't impenetrable, that the opposite side may have an admirable statement. (Howard Kurtz, Hot Air: All Talk, All The Time. Times Books, 1996)If correspondents and cameras are just there to b e utilized by government officials as recording gadgets for their scripted soundbites, best case scenario that is an expert impudence. Even under the least favorable conditions, in the event that we are not permitted to investigate and analyze a government officials sees, at that point legislators stop to be responsible in the most evident manner. (ITV journalist Damon Green, cited by Mark Sweney in Ed Miliband TV Interviewer Reveals Shame Over Absurd Soundbites. The Guardian, July 1, 2011) Sound-Bite Sabotage Sound-chomp saboteurs on all sides of the passageway attempt to push the assessment of publics toward places that are in opposition to the best accessible information. Instead of speaking with publics to empower progressively educated dynamic, sound-chomp damage happens when open and private pioneers utilize the devices of advertising to ruin the significance of utilizing information, participating in academic request, and supporting just deliberation.Seeing (hearing, perusing, encountering) sound-nibble harm causes us to notice the commodification of political talk as opposed to the political exhibitions built, to divert residents from the informative systems activated by open and private elites. (Julie Drew, William Lyons, and Lance Svehla. Sound-Bite Saboteurs: Public Discourse, Education, and the State of Democratic Deliberation. SUNY Press, 2010) Exchange Spellings: sound-nibble, soundbite

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Tescos strategy to attract customers

Tescos system to pull in clients Presentation:- There are numerous opponents of Tesco mid 1990s Tesco rivals gave intense opportunity to Tesco, so on that time Tesco required a decent and recently exchanging procedure. Tesco old exchanging system was generally excellent. In any case, on that time Tesco was not pulling in the clients because of awful client administrations. In 1997 Terry Leahy Joined Tesco as a Chief Executive. Terry Leahy imagined that why Tesco isn't pulling in the clients as contrast with its adversaries like Sainsburys, Asda and so forth. So from that time Tesco began extra administrations to draw in the clients. These administrations are given underneath. Web based Shopping administrations Tesco web Tesco Club Card Barring the previously mentioned administrations Tesco as of late acquainted new extra administrations with draw in the clients. These administrations incorporates Tesco Banks offer the Mastercards, contracts, advances, Tesco Insurance, investment funds and travel. (cn.tesco.com) Tesco Corporate Strategy may be truly significant examination and study just as wide. This procedure pulls in the client and gives hard rivalry to its adversaries particularly Marks and Spencer, Sainsburys, ASDA, Morrison and so forth. Here and there some Tesco rivals beat Tesco in certain fields, in this way corporate technique of Tesco constantly acquaint extra client administrations with pull in the clients against its adversaries. As indicated by Jamier L. Scott Corporate procedure is a progression of exercises intended to upgrade the degree of consumer loyalty that is, the inclination that an item or administration has met the client desire (2002), In the retail business or any organization the clients are significant, pretty much every organization attempt to pull in the clients. This could be in various manners like so as to sold things, harm thing might be trade or discount with in explicit timeframe with the receipt which is given to the clients at the hour of the selling things. Numerous organizations do this procedure on the client administrations work area just as certain organizations do this procedure on the ordinary work area like Tesco. Yet, presently days clients are hoping for something else than such sort of administrations. As such clients want is modern client support or overhauled client administrations. As per Berman B. Evans overhauled items and administrations make associations. Extra client support is the additional components that upgrade a retail procedure blend (2010) Redesigned administrations are acceptable help like store air, store area, estimating, special techniques and offers. Numerous huge associations like ASDA, Tesco, Marks and Spencer and Sainsburys utilize its corporate system to forward-thinking its items and administration, which is extremely useful to make a decent connection with the clients. A methodology is a strategy intended to accomplish a specific objective. The word system has military implication, since it gets from the Greek word for general (Oxford Dictionary second Edition) Each organization detail methodologies to upgrade its business benefit and clients just as to enhance a few items or administrations which can be pull in to their clients. Points and Objectives:- My Dissertation Topic is: How Tesco utilize its corporate system to pull in the clients against its opponents? My territory of study: Clarification of Tesco corporate methodology which is utilized to make cutting-edge client administrations. To comprehend the Tesco corporate technique which is utilizing to make extra client administrations? Clarification of how Tesco corporate procedure draws in the client by utilizing subordinate client administrations. To comprehend the Tesco offers, merchandise, administrations and development how these are drawing in to the clients. Examination of Tesco techniques with its adversaries methodologies that how to draw in the clients. End. Association Overview:- Tesco is the world biggest third retail association which is situated in UK. Tesco have in excess of 440,000 workers everywhere throughout the world and right around 3700 stores in UK just as 13 in different nations. In late time Tesco opened its stores in the AMERICA, which is referred to as Fresh Easy as contrast with its worldwide adversary Wall Mart just as Tesco have numerous stores in Europe and Asia like Poland, Slovakia, Hungry, Turkey, Czech Republic, Republic of Ireland, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia. MR Jack Cohen was the author of Tesco. He began his business in 1917 as a little slow down. Tesco opened its first store in 1929 in Edgware. After that Tesco inconceivably has built up its business in UK and around the world. Tesco acquainted numerous developments with draw in the clients. Step by step Tesco is expanding its items and administrations to keep the client faithful, this gives however an ideal opportunity to its opponents. Tesco is first organization which acquainted self check outs with give great client administrations. Tesco is offering numerous administrations to its client from tesco.com like home conveyance administrations and web based requesting/shopping and offer come back to the client looking like Tesco club card. Tesco utilize its corporate system in various manners to pull in the client. A Tesco 2009/2010 between time result is demonstrating that deal supported from 11.4% to 14% and benefit increment 8.6% from its unique benefit Tesco profit development rate is 9% and Earnings per share development is 9.1% which shows extremely solid situation of Tesco in universal and national market. Writing Review:- In an association corporate methodology is the base all things considered. Corporate technique uncover and decides the reasons, targets, objectives and furthermore produce, polices, plans and head for accomplishing objectives. It does likewise add to make the workers, partner, networks and clients; normally corporate procedure applies to the whole association. (Nicolai J. Foss) Corporate system is valuable to accomplish the objectives in a provoking situation to meet the partner and market desire, though corporate technique includes making business level methodologies like promoting procedures those systems are useful to pull in the clients. (Richard Whittington, Kevan Scholes) Showcasing procedure is the most significant methodology which association makes from the corporate system to pull in the client. This methodology keeps the client steadfast and comprehends the conduct of the client, for a model a client go to an electronic demonstrate space to get some electronic things, and client gets additional consideration and great help from the retailer then unquestionably the technique of the retailer is to pull in the client. There is no uncertainty client will come back over and over and furthermore to inform different companions regarding that retailer. (TheTimes100.co.uk) The examination shows that numerous association like Parcel power, Cadburys, Argos, Tesco, Sainsburys, Marks and Spencer giving elevated level of consumer loyalty to draw in the clients. These associations draw in the client by utilizing their corporate methodology to do statistical surveying. (TheTimes100.co.uk) The cutoff points between corporate procedure and showcasing methodology are hazy. The principle motivation behind corporate methodology is to pull in and hold the clients. (Mintzberg, 1994) Promoting technique the executives just as corporate procedure are significant apparatus for an association to pull in the clients and keep the client faithful against the contenders association; the two systems bring the association into accounts remotely and inside to give additional consideration of the clients. (J. Rea, Harold Kerzner) Corporate technique of any firm depicts business as indicated by the client administrations. (Levitt, 1975) Everywhere throughout the world each size of association utilize imaginative corporate procedure to persuade the clients. (John Toschohl) The presentation the executives remotely and inside is imperative to draw in and hold the clients. Execution the board sets the goal, obligations and objectives for an administrator. This allows to the association group to do best for the fulfillment of the client. Execution the board makes significant key move like rewards, progress and preparing to improve the presentation, such sorts of things are basic to help, hold and pull in the client which is extremely gainful for accomplishing the association objectives. The center reason for execution the executives in an association is to give nature of client assistance and fulfillment just as deal with the client want and give rewards. Its adequately pull in the clients by dealing with the staff. The oversight of group and responsibility may help to an association to pick up its goal and objectives; with the assistance of this an association may gauge the whole execution, fulfillment can be remunerated and recognized by utilizing execut ion the executives. (Cook, S) Association can augment the fascination of client and keep the client faithful by utilizing inventive client administrations, (Danon) Corporate procedure for any association assumes valid job to pull in and hold the client without client an association can't maintain the business in the market. Thusly organizations develop, give great client assistance and items guide and help the client, give various kinds of endowments and motivation these are the various techniques which organization make to draw in and keep the client faithful. With the goal that clients are the endurance for any firm. (John A. Goodman) There are two focal point of methodology which was coordinated in to one core interest. Numerous individuals are as yet discussing that how two focal point of technique are extraordinary, separation system center around various administrations and items which firm are offering to a little gathering of clients. For the most part this procedure adjusts the little firms and new participants. as opposed to enormous one. It gives items and administrations as indicated by the little gathering of client. (Philip A. Wickham) Imprints and Spencer (MS) is a retailing organization which is really situated in UK. MS lead its business survey to check its falling benefit and exchanging condition. MS revised its corporate procedure to fulfill the client just as increase the c

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Hong Kong and Disneyland Free Essays

As Disney attempted to extend their domain further into Asia, they were not in any manner as fruitful as they had initially anticipated. With the achievement of Tokyo Disney Resort makers of Hong Kong Disney were anticipating similar encounters to occur in Hong Kong. By utilizing the disappointments found in Disneyland Resort Paris they recognized what not to do so as to accomplish more noteworthy worth of the Disney name abroad. We will compose a custom exposition test on Hong Kong and Disneyland or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now In spite of the fact that Tokyo and Paris are totally various societies, the adjustment of each culture was done in two distinct manners, changing the general achievement of the two parks. In Tokyo, Disney relinquished their privileges and gave it over to the Japanese, which basically made it simpler for the Japanese to take an American claimed and worked business and make it into their own. In the wake of seeing the achievement Tokyo had, Disney would not like to give up their privileges a second time when they moved into France. Being viewed as probably the biggest buyer of Disney items outside of the US, France turned into a perfect area for what was initially named â€Å"Euro Disney. † However, it was not as heartily invited as the Disney officials had thought. The obstruction of the French government was one of the fundamental issues in making progress in Paris. This key disappointment helped in making sense of how to best open another park in Hong Kong. The Chinese, in general, were exceptionally energized and inviting of the new Disney Park heading into their nation. As the contextual investigation called attention to â€Å"Chinese required Disney and Disney required China. † Both saw the expansion of a Disney Park as an approach to expand income and the travel industry, and all the more critically, Disney saw Hong Kong as the portal into China. They had the option to utilize the Chinese government as an approach to engage with the network and drench itself into the way of life. From the outset this all appeared to be perfect, however as time advanced and the recreation center opened, it looked for issues. Like any new business, things didn't go as easily as envisioned. During the primary year the emergency of the Lunar New Year Holiday occurred, diminishing park participation and income by a surprising margin. This slip by of miscommunication influenced the organization hugely, and gave the Disney Resort a general terrible name. After expressions of remorse and repayments, all that could truly have been done after an emergency like that had occurred properly. This is the place it was evident that really understanding a culture is important to proficiently maintain a fruitful business, which is the thing that Disney ought to have gained from their Paris area. With grumblings ascending about the absence of movement in the recreation center, and the abuse acknowledged during their remain, the participation began to decay, and purchasers began to take a stand in opposition to Hong Kong Disney. The character entertainers began to stand up also, which is the point at which the administrators acknowledged they expected to support their deals, however help the general resolve of the recreation center. So as to bring back participation, HKD balanced their valuing and fused another advancement with the neighborhood cabbies, in order to make informal publicizing. They worked with neighborhood TV stations and travel offices in advancing the recreation center. Through all the negative exposure that was gotten during the primary year, HKD defeated their missteps taking into consideration a cheerful future. It is obvious that the achievement of Tokyo is because of the manner in which the organization is run, which is by the Japanese. It is difficult for a remote organization to guarantee land and simply trust in the best, which is certain that occurred in France, and possibly in Hong Kong. Despite the fact that HKD has considerably more help with the administration then Paris, both have had troublesomely in setting up a comprehension of the way of life nearby. At the point when one doesn’t comprehend a culture, and coincidentally upsets it, the individuals of the nation will make some hard memories overlooking the circumstance, which will destroy the accomplishment of the organization. Through the hardships gained in Paris, Disney ought to have better set itself up for another social contrast, tolerating the special seasons, and executing various guidelines suitable for every nation rather then the parks in total. Disney should better get this in the event that they plan on working another park abroad, in light of the fact that it is clear that the individuals will stand up, particularly of an American based organization. Step by step instructions to refer to Hong Kong and Disneyland, Papers

Comparing Blue Remembered Hills with High School Musical 2

In this article I'm going to think about two absolute various plays that are set in an alternate timeframe. I'm going to think about my scripted piece called â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills† composed by Dennis Potter and set in the time of 1979 which I preformed for my show test and can be viewed as a satire and a disaster play. The other play I'm going to contrast it with is called â€Å"High School Musical 2† coordinated by Kenny Ortega and set in the year 2007 and can be viewed as a satire and sentimental. The play â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills† is about a gathering of multi year olds playing in the Forest of Dean throughout a late spring evening called ‘Willie' , ‘Peter', ‘John', ‘Raymond', ‘Angela', ‘Audrey' and ‘Donald' while parts of the ‘Second World War' were going on. This play shows how exploitation and cliché sees happen even in little youngsters, and finishes unexpectedly when the character of ‘Donald' is scorched to death because of a result of the other kids' activities. In any case, the most striking component of this play is that however the characters were little youngsters they were played by grown-up entertainers and on-screen characters. The play begins and the main character we are acquainted with is Willie eating an apple and claiming to be a pilot a war plane, when imagines he's parachuting from a tree. When done subsequent to contending over an apple, in which a way Peter acts how a hard domineering jerk ought to be, they progressively recognize a squirrel and pursue it. In the mean time in a close by ranch we are acquainted with Donald who is playing with Angela and Audrey. We see and figure out how helpless Donald is as she experiences some prodding Audrey and Angela after their dream round of mummies and daddies. I'm going to contrast this and â€Å"High School Musical 2† which is about a gathering of youngsters called ‘Troy', ‘Gabriella', ‘Sharpay', ‘Ryan', ‘Chad' and ‘Taylor' who go to East High Wildcats as they consider their arrangements over summer break from school. Sharpay and Ryan (who are sibling and sister) are arranging as normal to spend their late spring get-away occasion at their families ‘Lava Springs Country Club'. While Troy attempted to find a new line of work and gets a large portion of the East High understudies utilized at the nation club. Just for Sharpay being the mean young lady she is, attempting to get the director ‘Mr. Fulton' to fire them. All through the play we start to see tunes being sang from the understudies at East High, including ‘What Time is it', ‘Everyday' and ‘All for One' which is the last melody we hear. With the two plays being set from an all out various timespan, these plays are totally extraordinary alongside the characters. Sharpay can be contrasted with Angela who likes to think she is accountable for everything and everybody. The two of them consider themselves in the event that they are the â€Å"top dogs† around their companions and like to control individuals and what says should go. In spite of the fact that the character Gabriella is a type of a laid back young lady who is in the middle of Troy and Sharpay, with Sharpay attempting to take Troy off her and can be like Audrey from ‘Blue Remembered Hills ‘. In any case, Gabriella and Sharpay are not companions and never truly converse with one another not at all like Audrey and Angela. ‘Blue Remembered Hills' and ‘High School Musical 2' are not the same in any case, as their are melodies being sung by the characters and there is not at all like that in ‘Blue Remembered Hills'. The occasions these plays were circulated were totally different notwithstanding the general public. Secondary School Musical 2†² with it being American were long out of the war and since America is assume to be probably the most extravagant nation on the planet, there were no incredible discouragement, everybody was rich and that America had everything going for itself. In any case, as we see ‘Blue Remembered Hills' it's a great deal unique. As this was set in England with kids living in the English nation open-side who were evacuees from the ‘Second World War' so times were hard when living at this present timespan. There were deficiency of cash pay of employments; kids were ‘dragged' up as opposed to being raised the right way just wearing only messy and stinky clothes. Additionally another issues was lack of cash so little youngsters couldn't mess around with toys and so on. Small kids needed to discover condition youngster benevolent things to make with, for example, twigs for imagine firearms. Despite the fact that, with the measure of officers were getting harmed from the war, social insurance at this present time was very negligible, because of government going through the cash to support the injured and harmed from the war. In any case, in the time ‘High School Musical 2' was set, only one year prior, social insurance was incredible for each American residents and given to comfort the patients way of life while in medical clinic. The tale about ‘High School Musical 2' is about a gathering of young people who head out to do summer occupations at Sharpay's and Ryan's nation club and Troy overlook he used to be while his sweetheart, Gabriella and closest companion, Chad and others out of the gathering said he's changed and not the chap he used to be. Be that as it may, before the finish of the play, it appears Troy has acknowledged where is needs are laid and becomes him old self with all the gathering meeting up as one, with the most unforeseen character, Sharpay, by Troy grasping Sharpay's hand while doing a sound called ‘Everyday' and taking her up in front of an audience with the remainder of the East High and you could see there were an association of affection and companionship. Notwithstanding, there are a great deal of melodies utilized all through the story with critical characters practically singing a tune that shows their sentiments and feelings. Contrasted with ‘Blue Remembered Hills' the place this is about a gathering of children, indeed that can be contrasted and ‘High School Musical 2', however for this situation they are more seasoned entertainers playing youthful youth kids during the close end ‘Second World War'. Yet, before the finish of the play â€Å"the murdering of the squirrel from Angela and Audrey teasing of the character of Donald have quite recently been practices for a significantly more horrendous abuse toward the finish of the play†. Donald Duck in the end passes on. So ‘Blue Remembered Hills' contrasted with ‘High School Musical 2' have both completed in a totally unique way. As ‘Blue Remembered Hills' never finished in the manner with adoration and fellowship and melodies not at all like ‘High School Musical 2'. ‘High School Musical 2†² is undoubtedly a melodic exhibition, in some sense it tends to be viewed as a parody and sentimental as expressed previously. The characters tend to lose themselves and become somebody else. Be that as it may, when we see' Blue Remembered Hills' this is totally different because of the reality of the planning when the ‘Second World War' occurred and the characters aren't young people, their youngsters. Likewise ‘High School Musical 2' was initially composed for Disney, but since it was such an establishment it was transformed into a play, as ‘Blue Remembered Hills' was simply composed for TV. These the two plays are assorted and divergent from one another.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Failure Analysis/Change Strategy Essay

While there is no assurance of the achievement of a business, there are pointers that can be gained from investigating associations that have neglected to those that succeed. In this paper, we look at two associations, Blockbuster Video and Netflix that epitomize impacts of authority, vision, methodology and arranging, and the significance of consumer loyalty that impact the achievement or disappointment of a business. Crucial, and Objectives The mission, vision, and qualities proclamation characterizes an organization’s brand, culture, and client experience. Blockbuster was established by David Cook in 1985 and immediately opened up to the world a year later. In 2004, Blockbuster had up to 60,000 representatives and more than 9000 stores that gave home film and computer game rental administrations through video rental shops (Forbes, 2011). It’s crucial vision was to â€Å"provide our clients with the most advantageous access to media amusement, including film and game diversion conveyed through various dispersion channels, for example, our stores, via mail, distributing, and booths, on the web and at home† and to â€Å"offer clients a worth evaluated diversion experience, joined with the wide item profundity of a claim to fame retailer with nearby neighborhood convenience† (Farfan, 2015). Its targets were to give an enormous number of duplicates and wide determination of film titles, employabl e strategically placed profoundly noticeable stores, offer unrivaled and predictable client care, improve evaluating to nearby economic situations, and broadly publicize and showcase the brand name (Farfan, 2015). Netflix was established by Reed Hastings in 1997 is presently the world’s leadingâ entertainment system of spilling motion pictures with more than 57 million individuals in 50 nations (Netflix, 2015). Its statement of purpose is to â€Å"grow our spilling membership business locally and internationally. We are consistently improving the client experience, with an emphasis on growing our gushing substance, upgrading our UI and stretching out our spilling administration to much more Internet-associated gadgets, while remaining inside the parameters of our merged total compensation and working portion commitment benefit targets (Netflix Company Profile, 2015). Fellow benefactor and CEO communicated Netflix vision for the future and articles to turn into the best worldwide amusement appropriation administrations, permit diversion content far and wide, make showcases that are available to producers, and help content makers around the globe to locate a worldwide crowd (Netflix Com pany Profile, 2015). Markers of Business Failures and Success Looking at effective associations, for example, Netflix, to a bombed association, for example, Blockbuster, permits us to distinguish indicators and comprehend basic components that lead to the achievement or disappointment of an organization. For our situation, the job of authority, technique and arranging, vision, and client care assumed a job in the disappointment and achievement of the two organizations. An ongoing study by the Turnaround Management Society demonstrates that most emergencies are brought about by top administration and incorporate administration proceeding with a system that was done working for the organization, underestimation of changes in the market and absence of adjustment, lost vision and a distinction with clients (Lymbersky, 2014). The Blockbuster Board, settled on a few poor decisions in recruiting awkward initiative who didn't comprehend their business. The organization had an absence of vision and couldn't choose whether they were in amusement or retail. Generally impeding to the Blockbuster brand, was the refusal to perceive and adjust to changing innovation that influenced their market. All these poor decisions intensified on Blockbusters issue of separation with their clients by not taking care of client request and their un-client agreeable strategies of charging late expenses. During a similar period, Netflix gave coherence in authority, had a solid system worked around adjusting to quickly changing innovation that upheld video gushing, made a strongâ sense of vision and associated personally with its customer’s requests and joined client benevolent estimating techniques of fixed month to month valuing with no late expenses. Authoritative Behavioral Theory Netflix and Blockbuster were organizations with a dream one that had a dream of things to come and one that didn't see how quick innovation was tremendously drawing nearer. Netflix saw that innovation was coming and needed to remain on top of things with video spilling, DVD-By-Mail, and delivering well known arrangement just observed through Netflix like a link organize. Blockbuster began with video rentals and finished with video rental, and extended their stores into outlets for books, toys, and other product. When YouTube emitted in 2005 Netflix understood that they have to bounce on the video spilling and permit clients to get the films they needed straightforwardly to TV’s, PCs, cell phones, and different gadgets. Blockbuster tried a comparative outlet as Netflix yet neglected to comprehend clients didn't care for late charges, are concealed expenses. Blockbuster neglected to adjust to the adjustments in innovation, and this is the thing that eventually made the organizat ion record Chapter 11 liquidation and close its entryways. Innovation inside the film and film rental industry has been a noteworthy factor since VHS tapes, and Netflix saw a chance and went for it. With the capacity to see the future and adjust to changes inside their industry they are succeeding. With Blockbuster not getting innovation, buyers needs, and industry transforms they fizzled. Dynamic of the executives and pioneers with in an association is the manner by which Netflix succeeded and how Blockbuster fizzled. At the point when a business loses center around what business they are in they are destined to come up short. Blockbuster didn't maintain its emphasis on film rental they began to think and settle on choices like a retailer and that was the start of a finish of the blockbuster period. Netflix knew the fate of DVD-By-Mail was going to fleeting and chose to concentrate on the web and innovation to prevail in the business. On the off chance that Blockbuster would have remained concentrated on film rentals and not retail they wou ld even now be good to go. The Role of Leadership The administration and corporate structure of Blockbuster and Netflix were indistinguishable anyway every association shows the basic part of an association to adjust and change its system and construct a culture that underpins an unmistakable vision. At the point when initiative decides, or fails to settle on the correct decisions, at that point the organization will fall flat. Blockbuster’s initiative was broken and wouldn't adjust their methodology or have an away from of their business. Netflix Netflix authoritative structure is equivalent to a lattice and comprises of the leading body of officials. The key segment that made Netflix a triumph was the authority and their capacity to face challenge, adjust, and have a strong vision that comprehends purchaser requests. â€Å"We contend comprehensively for a portion of members’ time and spending, against straight systems, pay-per-see content, DVD viewing, other Internet systems, computer games, web perusing, magazine perusing, video theft, and substantially more. Over the coming years, the vast majority of these types of amusement will improve.† (Netflix, 2015). As an organization develops, their way of life permits opportunities in initiative, the board, and advancement. Proof of this is shown in Netflix’s knowledge to move from mailing out DVDs to grasping the gushing scene, on the World Wide Web. The presentation of this opened benefits for Netflix that Blockbuster would not grasp. Blockbuster â€Å"The incongruity is that Blockbuster fizzled on the grounds that its administration had constructed an all around oiled operational machine. It was an exceptionally close system that could execute with extraordinary effectiveness, yet ineffectively fit to allow in new information† (Satell, 2014). As an organization develops it’s business and an incredible client base, there is constantly a requirement for development and adjustment. Netflix even allowed Blockbuster to converge with them when the web spilling publicity hit, yet Blockbuster declined. Better and quicker associations, exchanges, and simpler buys on-line, are what made Netflix bloom and Blockbuster fizzle. Blockbuster wouldn't adjust or make the most of chances that would have adjusted them for what's to come. The Change Process Crucial Areas of Change Crucial regions of progress incorporate system and arranging that underpins a development stage, setting up a solid feeling of vision, and reconnecting with theâ needs of the client. The main imperative territory of system and arranging incorporates grasping development and adjusting to a changing business condition. At the point when the appearance of something new, for example, the Internet, brings itself into the business world, all organizations must have the option to deal with their current business compel and incorporate the new idea. The organization ought to keep stores open in zones that are gainful, while utilizing its promoting and brand to present new spilling dispersion channels. The second idea of progress is to build up a solid vision and culture that underpins the vision of the association. At the point when an organization fears development toward any path, regardless of whether it is extension or presentation of another thought, it will just prompt disappointment. The organization needs to look at its market space and see where some finely tuned execution may give another business chance to development and achievement. One must break down the effect the change will have on the association in general and grasp that change. One must join into the business all progressions that will emphatically influence the future accomplishments of the organization. At last, is to always remember about the clients and their requests. Strategies ought to be executed that are client cordial and fulfill client needs. For instance, a superior estimating system would be something to start quickly and

Tuesday, August 4, 2020

Beyoncé Offers College Scholarships for Women, Continues to Slay - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

Beyoncé Offers College Scholarships for Women, Continues to Slay - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts Beyoncé Offers College Scholarships for Women, Continues to Slay Beyoncé Offers College Scholarships for Women, Continues to Slay In a boss move from one of the worlds most empowering females, Beyoncé recently announced that she will be launching a program called Formation Scholars  to provide scholarships for young women “who are unafraid to think outside the box and are bold, creative, conscious and confident. ”  The scholarships will be awarded to one student at each of the following four schools: Berklee College of Music, Parsons School of Design, Howard University and Spelman College. Incoming, current and graduate students studying creative arts, music, literature or African American studies are eligible to receive funding and can apply directly through each  schools website. To all of the deserving candidates out there, its time to take The Queen Bees advice and get in formation. As Bey would say, always stay gracious, best revenge is your paper. About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ »

Thursday, June 25, 2020

Buddhism in Vietnam - Free Essay Example

Growing up in a predominantly Vietnamese community, religion played an important part in identifying and bringing members of similar views together. It acts as a medium for guiding people through life, especially during times of confusion when some form of clarity is needed. Among the various beliefs in my community, Buddhism and Catholicism are the two main religious practices. I myself, identify with being a Christian in the Catholic denomination. Catholic beliefs revolve around the idea that Jesus is the son of God, the bible is the true word of God, baptism is essential for salvation, the Ten Commandments is a moral compass, and the Holy Trinity is an objective reality. The Catholic service comprise of a very organized system of mass that is unique to the religion itself. In contrast to other non-christian beliefs, Catholicism follows a very intricate pathway for achieving ultimate salvation and a seat in Gods Kingdom. As a Catholic, I am aware that there are many different religious perspectives outside of Christianity. Although there are observable differences in how people approach certain practices, all religions aim to reveal truths behind human action, thoughts, and emotions. I believe that there is no right or wrong way to worship God(s), but in order to live in peace with contrasting views surrounding us, we must be mindful of each others religio us affiliations. To achieve this, my group and I (all Christian Catholics), decided to enlighten ourselves with the knowledge of a commonly practiced religion in our community: Buddhism. On Sunday, November 4, 2018, we made a visit to Cha B D for the 11:00 AM service. Cha B D is a Vietnamese Buddhist Temple, situated in a secluded area of the woods, located on 4386 Lincoln St., New Orleans, LA 70131. The temple follows the practice of the Mahayana sect of Buddhism, which focuses on the principles of Dharma and how to attain enlightenment. Upon arrival, many attendees had already removed their shoes before setting foot in the temple. This gesture was out of respect for the temple because it symbolizes a place of cleanliness. Removing the shoes also encourages relaxation when people take their position on available empty matts and begin meditating before the service. The area filled quickly during entry, so we decided to stand towards the back of the temple to participate in the service from the background. Among us were regular attendees whom had stood beside us because the area was fairly crowded. These people were very welcoming, explaining to us what we should do during the service. At 11:00 AM, the service began when someone struck the gong. The sound of it signaled everyone to stand up. Two monks were summoned into the room shortly after, standing near the altar. Their arrival cued the congregation to kneel down on the matts/floor, taking a deep bow before starting the first prayer. Unlike the Catholic church, the temple did not had any liturgical elements throughout the service. Mainly, the temple is a place for worship, so the service just consisted of monks reciting different prayers with people following along the booklet provided. The gong serves as a pacemaker, setting times for when a new prayer begins; attendees would bow in response each time the gong was struck while repeating the monks spoken words. This was done repeatedly for a little over an hour. After the service was done, some people from the congregation would light incense in front of the altar to pray for others, the Buddha, or other statues of Buddhist Gods in the room. As I observe the events unfold before us, I started taking notice towards the unique architecture of the temple. Compared to the elaborate arches and engraving design of a typical Catholic Church, the the exterior of the Buddhist temple was built rather simplistically, following a roof-stacking rectangular layout (chinese pagoda style). The majority of the building was painted in a neutral tan color containing pointed red roofs embellished with gold, swirl-like accents lining the edges. Massive brick-tone french double doors open to welcome visitors inside, leading the way into a room filled with square matts, each accommodated with a small wooden podium for holding books. Visitors were dressed in casual clothing (jeans and shirt), but there were other people also dressed in blue and white robes. The temple, being as it is a respectful place of worship, I could infer that the dress code was pretty strict considering attendees were covered modestly from head to toe. From the entrance, a walkway guided the place to the front of the room where a golden monument of Buddha was seated at the center atop a wooden altar. Various offerings such as fruits, plants, candles, and incense pots surrounded the foot of the Buddha. In addition, two other Buddhist gods dressed in red were placed on each side of the Buddha with lotus flower statues adorning the bottom half, symbolizing fortune and purification. Inside, the room was set up like a classroom, with matts placed in rows towards the left and right of the Buddha. The the middle area however, was cleared, acting as a divider between the two sides. It could be seen clearly that the main focus was directed towards these monuments. From the outside, statues of white foo dogs were positioned beside a mahogany monument of Budai in front of the entrance. In the Buddhist religion, the dog monuments symbolizes royalty and protection. From the placement and position of the dogs in front of the entrance, the dogs may seem as thoug h they are guarding/watching the temple. The statue of Budai, commonly seen with a joyful expression, was the first monument we saw as we made our way to the doors. Around the the perimeter of the temple lied a huge white statue of Kwan Yin, also known as the female buddha, carrying a water vase in one hand. Similar to the Buddha monument, fruits and incense pots were also place near her foot. The ultimate goal of Buddhism is to reach Nirvana, a state of peace where there is no suffering, desire, and sense of self. At the center of Buddhist teachings are the Four Noble Truths, which aids in the path leading to Nirvana and dealing with human suffering. The four truths are: (1) Dukkha truth of suffering, (2) Samudaya truth of origin of suffering, (3) Nirodha truth of the end of suffering, and (4) Magga truth of the path to end suffer. For the first noble truth, Dukkha, Buddha states that we need to understand that everything in life is craving and suffering. We are all suffering because we want something, so the key to living a happy life would be appreciating the things we had instead of wanting the things we didnt have. Samudaya, the second noble truth reinforces us to understanding that the cause of our suffering originates in our mind by wanting and desire things. This is then followed by the third noble truth, Nirodha, which basically means to put an end to Dukkha. If we can stop Dukkha, then we can attain Nirvana, where we dont have to keep coming back to the miserable place/state were in. Because the idea is that when we want or need something, it creates karma, and karma keeps us trapped in a reincarnation cycle. The fourth noble truth, Magga, explains that there is a pathway of reaching enlightenment: the eightfold path. The eightfold path is also called the middle way because it is the mid way between our desire and suffering. The path urges followers to seek an understanding of the four noble truths (right understanding). We have to be able to control our thoughts (right thought), having determination and resolve in our faith and in our way. We can not engage in gossip or slandering because it creates bad karma (right speech). Along with avoiding gossip, we must also avoid misconduct and be good people (right action). In addition, Buddhists do not believe that people should be in any type of profession that brings pain, violence, or suff ering to others/creatures, thus we must have a right means to making a living (right livelihood). We also have to be aware of our minds and control negative thoughts (right effort), bringing awareness to our mental and physical state, being in touch with ourselves (right mindfulness). At the end of the day, Buddhism is really about meditation, learning to control our minds in order to clear it through breathing and visualization techniques that helps us come to our own truths/understanding (right concentration). When I attended the prayer service, I now understood why meditation was such a crucial part of Buddhism. People were meditating and engaging in prayer in order to have a better grasp of the concepts of the four noble truths to which they can reach their nirvana. The service encourages individuals to reflect upon their thoughts and actions, gaining a deeper appreciation for simplicity in the nature of humanity. The nature behind the practice of Buddhism stresses the individual to avoid indulgences and self-denial. People have to overcome the challenges of temptation and desires that may deter them from the path of enlightenment. During the service, attendants were led by the monks, praying and bowing at specific times when the gong struck. The service was structured rather formally and simplistically, there was really no spontaneous elements present. In contrast to the Catholic Church, where some of the prayers are sung with accompanying instruments (led by the choir), the prayers at the temple were spoken in a rhythmic fashion, led by the head monk who synced the timing of the chants with the sound of the gong. The chants, from what I can discern, were in the Vietnamese language. However, I was not able to understand what was being said because some of the terms were pretty complexed. Being that people were chanting in a monophonic way with no modern musical elements, it can be concluded t hat the practice was very traditional, following ancient rituals of Buddhism since it originated during sixth century B.C. After the service, I spoke to a few of the community members and learned that there wasnt an appropriate method of worship in the religious practice of Buddhism. In contrast to its nature, the regularly held worship service is not definitive in its set of ritual practice and are subjected to change. Despite the changes however, the practice still revolves mainly around worshiping the Buddhist Gods. As the service lasted over an hour long with constant chanting and prayer, it can be inferred that Buddhism is a practice that requires self determination and commitment in order to obtain nirvana. The congregation members were predominantly of Vietnamese descent. From the way people interacted with each other and engaged in lengthy conversation, it can be concluded that the members were very close to one another. When conversing with the participants, I learned the majority of the members resided in areas such as Belle Chasse; some people even traveled as far as New Orleans east to attend these services every Saturday and Sunday. Similar to my own Vietnamese Catholic Church community, people would arrive to the service in groups consisting of adults and kids; the religion itself draws people in by a combination of ethnic and family ties. The unity observed in the Buddhist community emphasizes how Buddhism brings people with similar goals together. Throughout the service, the monk was the person who was mainly leading the prayers. Unlike the priests in the Catholic church whose role is to preach the word of God and administer the sacraments, the role of the monks in the temple is to assist people in spiritual development by creating a pure and serene environment for worshipping. During the service, the purpose of the head monk leading the prayer was to aid in the process of helping participants achieve their own nirvana. In addition, people also view the monk as an ideal example of how good Buddhists should live because they uphold the practice of Dharma to a high degree. As people prayed in unison, the communal effort of the religion really shows how everyone in the congregation aims to achieve the same ultimate goal of enlightenment. My experience at Vietnamese Buddhist temple was very refreshing as I got to learn more about a different religion that is practiced heavily around my Asian community. I believe that attending the service helped me realize the importance of religion and the role it plays in bringing communities together. The architectures of the temple was very beautiful, emphasizing the monumental aspects of worship. The simplistic elements of the service itself reflects upon how the Buddhist religion stresses meditation and worship for the good of the individual. I found it very interesting how compared to Catholicism, Buddhisms main focus is to achieve a state of nirvana where individuals are not trapped in a vicious reincarnation cycle of desire and suffering. The religion aims to help individuals achieve a balance between indulgence and denial. Also, the participants of the service were very friendly and welcoming towards our arrival. Overall, the visit to the temple was very pleasant and interes ting, being a great learning experience.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Massive Genocide of Jews - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1704 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? The Holocaust was a massive genocide of Jews that took place from 1933 to 1945, but had everlasting effects on people everywhere. The experiences that these Jews endured were horrific and inhumane. There were many things that led up to this devastating time, many unbelievable stories of oppression, and many people who worked tirelessly to put a stop to it. While so many people played a part in making this genocide happen, it all began with a man named Adolf Hitler. Hitler was living in Vienna pursuing his passion for art when he happened upon politics; this is where he began developing anti-Semitic ideologies. He later moved to Munich, right before World War I began. He served in the war and was injured and taken to Pasewalk to recover. When he found that the Germans had surrendered, he was enraged and believed it to be the fault of the betrayers in Germany that were not patriotic enough. This was a popular belief in Germany and his like-mindedness with the German people would help him rise to power. Hitler joined a group called the German Workers Party that shared many of his anti-Semitic and nationalist beliefs; this group would later be called the Nazi Party. These were his first supporters when he began trying to gain power. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Massive Genocide of Jews" essay for you Create order Hitler tried to rise to power and put his beliefs into effect more than once, and ended up in jail for treason after trying to take over with force. In jail, he wrote Mein Kampf, which was a book outlining the way he believed the country should be ran. This book, which gave Hitler the exposure he needed to rise in popularity with the German people, touched on military expansion, elimination of impure races and dictatorial authoritarianism (Adolf Hitler: Man and Monster). While many agreed with Hitlers beliefs, some still wonder how he managed to gain power being the twisted person that he was. Hitler used many tactics of manipulation to win the people of Germany over. He was very charming and had a way with words, which he used to his advantage when he publicly spoke. He used propaganda techniques and played on the fears of the Germans as their economy was on a downward spiral and there were few jobs. As his popularity consistently rose, the president fearfully named Hitler the Germa n Chancellor in 1933. He strengthened his power through the Enabling Act and became a dictator. Once he had the support of the military, he knew that he had finally gained total control. Once Hitler realized that he had finally gotten enough power to put his plan into place, he began taking action towards taking Jews rights away. At first, Hitler slowly took their rights to test the waters; he began by boycotting Jewish businesses, burning their books, excluding them from the military, making it so that the police could not help them, and so much more (Anti-Jewish Decrees). One of many oppressive actions Hitler took towards the Jews was passing the Nuremberg Race Laws in September of 1935. The Nuremberg Race Laws institutionalized many of the racial theories underpinning Nazi ideology and provided the legal framework for the systematic persecution of Jews in Germany; it defined Jews legally as anyone with three to four Jewish grandparents which ended up including many Germans (Nuremberg Race Laws, USHMM). From 1935 to 1936, Jews right to vote was taken away as well as their citizenship in Germany, some Jewish students were kicked out of schools so that they could not continue with their education, and Jews were even banned from many public places in Germany. Still, Hitler wanted to single out the Jews even more and separate them from the Germans as much as possible. In 1938, he made it so that Jews that did not have Jewish first names had to add Israel or Sara to their names so that they were more easily identifiable as Jews. Later in 1938, all of the Jews passports were stamped with a J so that they were even more easily identifiable (German Jews Passports Declared Invalid, USHMM). Year after year, more and more of their civil rights were stripped from them. On the night of November ninth, 1938, Nazis went on a rampage destroying Jewish homes, businesses, schools, synagogues, and even killing around a hundred Jews; this was called Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass. In 1939, Hitler forced all Jews to wear the Star of David, including Jews in any of the territories he had taken over since coming to power. This, again, made the Jews even more easily identifiable in order to target them and make them feel inferior. Eventually Jew s were separated even further from the rest of the population as they were secluded in ghettos. All of these things were tactics used to make the non-Jews feel as if the Jews were not human and less than them to work with Hitlers plan of mass extermination of Jews. Concentration camps were the most memorable and vile way that the Nazis mistreated the Jews. Jews were sent to these camps starting in 1933 and going into full effect in 1942. These camps were where Jews were taken to do hard labor and be exterminated. They were mistreated by the Nazis running the camps and were very malnourished. They were separated from their families in kept in horrid living conditions. Many were killed in gas chambers after being worked to near death. Some managed to make it out alive thanks to a few memorable people who risked their lives for the greater good and some live on today to recount the gory details. One man named Oskar Schindler saved over a thousand Jews from death at a concentration camp. He was a German businessman who gained the trust of German officials over time as he was always a very likeable man. Because of this, the German officials allowed Jews in decent health to work in Schindlers factory; Jews provided cheap labor that he needed at his new business. Schindler gave the Jews safe working conditions and bribed officials to let the Jews continue working for him time and time again when the Jews were to be taken to concentration or labor camps. He eventually convinced officials to make his business a labor camp and kept over a thousand Jews there. He kept them safe from the impending death that undoubtedly awaited them at concentration camps until the end of the war in 1945. Nicholas Winton was another heroic and brave man who saved hundreds of Jewish children during the Holocaust. He was a stock-broker from London who saved hundreds of Jewish children from Prague and Slovakia. He convinced the governments of Britain and Sweden to take in these refugee children, but the governments had a cost. They asked for fifty pounds per child and they asked that he find the children foster homes. He also had to find the money to pay for the transportation of children whose parents could not afford to pay for it. He worked by day and spent the night time raising money to save the children and finding families that were willing to take in these refugees. He hung posters of the children to try to elicit an emotional response from the people of his country whether that be to help out financially or to offer their home to one of the children. Once enough money had been raised, Winton had children transported by plane and train to remove them from harms way and ultimately save over six hundred childrens lives. While the Holocaust seems like a historical memory from the past, many Holocaust survivors are still alive today to share their stories. One resilient woman named Ibi Ginsburg shared the chilling story of her experience at an Auschwitz concentration camp. Ibi grew up in a very accepting community, and had trouble understanding why the Nazis were so very discriminatory towards herself and the other Hungarian Jews she was surrounded by. After being secluded in a ghetto for weeks in March of 1944, Ibi and her family along with many of the other Jews in the ghetto they lived in were told they would be brought to Germany to be put to work; this was a lie told by the Nazis to keep order in the ghetto. Ibi was brought to Auschwitz Birkenau where she was then separated from all of her family but her older sister. She and many other Jews that were sent to concentration camps remained fearful throughout their time there not only for themselves but for their families as they had no idea where t hey were sent or even if they were alive. As for Ibi and her sister, they had their heads shaved, their clothes were taken from them, and they were assigned a number as their new identity. They had small wooden rooms with concrete floors and wooden bunks to call home. They were eventually sent to a labor camp only to be over-worked and under-fed. Finally, in May of 1945, she and her sister were liberated by the Americans and they found that their father had survived as well, but their family was not quite as lucky. Ibis mother and younger sisters were taken to a gas chamber and killed immediately after being separated from their family at the concentration camp. Sadly, this was a common fate for many Jews during this time. Ibi, like many other Jews after the Holocaust, never returned to her home country as she knew many of her friends and family suffered a tragic fate and held too many unsettling feelings and memories towards what used to be her home. (Surviving Auschwitz, HSFA) While the Holocaust was a terrible tragedy that most wish had never happened, it is still a part of history and must not be forgotten, as history stands as a means to teach lessons. One must look back on this horrible event as a mass act of discrimination and note how these acts affected millions of people and still affect people to this day. The Jews went through being treated as if they were not human; they were starved, over-worked, stripped of their basic human rights, and killed. History must not repeat itself and that is the lesson to be learned.

Monday, May 18, 2020

Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay

Back in 1894, the American writer Kate Chopin wrote the short-story The Story of an Hour. Chopin, born OFlaherty, wasnt renowned as a writer during her time, but she has achieved recognition in the 20th century especially with her 1899 novel The Awakening. Her stories about strong women have really been paid attention to in relation to this centurys sexual liberation debate. This short-story revolves around what goes through a persons head when informed that a close family member has perished. However, I wouldnt say that this is the theme of the story, which Ill get back to. Louise Mallard is a young, yet married woman who suffers from heart trouble, and thats why her closest relatives feel that they have to break the news to†¦show more content†¦In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves. All these descriptions are beautiful images of life, making the reader quite confused until Louises reaction is explained. As Chopin puts it: She said it over and over under her breath: free, free, free! This feeling; freedom, is obviously something Louise hasnt felt for a really long time. She now rambles on about that she loved him, but now she is perfectly happy and more than that with the fact that she had regained her freedo m. As Chopin puts it; What could love (..) count for for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being! Louise now has more positive energy and vitality than ever, and even calls herself a Goddess of victory. Her sister, Josephine, is worried about the amount of time Louise has spent in her room all alone, and anxiously knocks on the door, asking whether shes alright. Feeling better than ever and imagining a new life filled with happiness and freedom, she willingly opens the door and descends down theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour is a perfect example of literature that glorifies the commonplace event: the story depicts a gigantic event in the life of its protagonist by using a minimalist economy of means. The opening sentence of The Story of an Hour carefully sets up the conclusion of the story. Chopin is working wit h such limited space here that it resembles more the crafting of a poem than a fictional narrative. We are told that Mrs Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble so greatRead MoreAn Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour850 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a famous piece of literature widely recognized throughout the entire literary world. It is about how a wife, Louise Mallard, hears the news of her husbands horrible train accident which ultimately led to his untimely death. The plot twist of this short story is that, in fact, her husband, Brently Mallard, is very much alive and comes home as if nothing happened. Mr. Mallard was not around the area of the accident or even knows of its occurrenceRead MoreKate Chopins Short Story The Story of an Hour: An Analysis974 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Free At Last? Kate Chopins short story, The Story of an Hour is largely about the forms of repression that women were forced to endure during the epoch in which the story was written (1894) and during much of the time that preceded it. During this time period, women quite frequently had to subjugate themselves to the will of their husbands, or to some other man who had a significant amount of control over their lives. Chopin chooses to address this phenomenon in an indirect manner with thisRead MoreEssay on Literary Analysis on Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour 657 Words   |  3 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† focuses on a woman named Louise Mallard and her reaction to finding out about her husband’s death. The descriptions that the author uses in the story have significance in the plot because they foreshadow the ending. This story mainly follows a woman with heart trouble. Her husband’s name appears at the top of a list of people killed in a railroad accident. The story than explains her reaction upon finding out about his death. At the end of the story, her husbandRead MoreWhether It Was a Joy That Killed Louise: Analysis of Kate Chopin’s the Story of an Hour937 Words   |  4 Pageslose his or her loved one. And if someone told me a story about a woman who bewailed her deceased husband and then died of overwhelming happiness after she saw him safe and sound, I would definitely believe in reliability of this story. Especially, if I was told that the women had heart problems. It is known that not only a sorrow but and an excessive joy can cause a fatal heart attack. However, after reading Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, I felt puzzled about doctors’ conclusion that Mrs. MallardRead MoreThe Life and Works of Kate Chopin1569 Words   |  6 PagesKate wrote two novels and hundreds of short stories. Few of her stories were â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening†. One of Kate Chopins most famous stories is the Story of an Hour. In the story Chopin was brave enough to challenge the society in which she lived because in the first half of the 19th century, women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed in the judgments of the law, the church or the government. This famous short story showed the conflict between the social traditional requirementsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Yellow Wallpaper1086 Words   |  5 PagesPerkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† and Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 1 Jan. 2013, pp. 221-234, Database: MLA International Bibliography -- Publications. kutaksam.karabuk.edu.tr/index.php. Accessed 18 Nov. 2017. The short story written by Fahimeh Q. Basenji, he shares in his writings about â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper and Story of an Hour†. In the journal, he discusses how the two stories are similar but have different narrator experiencesRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreDesirees Baby Literary Analysis1989 Words   |  8 PagesKate Chopin’s stories Desirees Baby, The Story of an Hour, At the Cadian Ball, and A Pair of Silk Stockings, were written in the 19th century in times when women had no rights, and had to portray an image of a loving wife. They were considered selfish if they thought otherwise, and their job was to make their husbands happy at all times. This was the century of a turning point for women, in which they had desires test their limits imposed on their sex. Critics of her stories list the analysisRead MoreEssay on Structural Technique in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin861 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story. Kate Chopin uses structural techni ques to enhance â€Å"The Story of an Hour† from beginning to end. She follows formal structure to a certain degree, but occasionally strays to actual structure. Upon analysis of the organization of Chopin’s story, the reader understands the powerful meaning that is expressed in such a short piece. Initially, a short story begins with an exposition. This is the laying out of important background information, characters, and setting. Chopin’s story is only

Monday, May 11, 2020

Animal Mating And The Development Of Behavioral Characters

Marlene Zuk observes the disputes that arise when nature is explained among various palliative, humanizing, and political viewpoints in Sexual Selections: What We Can and Can’t Learn about Sex from Animals. She has discovered that biologists and sociologists and the society persist to view the behavior of animal as human beings’ behavior. We elucidate such interpretations for our own egoisms, and that results in us being unaware of what’s actually happening with the animals themselves. In this book, she says â€Å"The lens of our own self-interest not only frequently distorts what we do not see. It also in important ways determines what we do not see, what we are blind to† (Zuk 2). We cannot see how animals really act if we keeping comparing†¦show more content†¦Zuk highlights that there are risks when we use our analyses of science to approve our own disputes and political philosophies. As an evolutionary biologist and feminist, Zuk does not consider eliminating biological elucidations of behavior, but rather the preferences and stereotypes that impact them. She concedes that there are variances among males and females, but we should not be connecting values to such variances. Zuk suggests that a feminist viewpoint can propose a different perspective to biology, one that aids eradicating the gender preferences that ‘color’ our insights. In this book, Zuk exhibits a collection of stories about animal behavior from a varied group of species—from bonobos to beetles. She comprises analyses of these behaviors from scientists, ecofeminists, social scientists, and the mass media, showing how stereotypes and mythologies might fog our interpretations. In addition, Zuk addresses the questions behind certain behaviors and characters concerning their connection to evolution or social habituation. Zuk achieves this with an amusing articulation that keeps read ers amused in almost all chapters. She succeeds to create laughter while teaching biological science, revealing double standards, and addressing humanizing stereotypes without damaging the significance of these matters. In three parts split into twelve chapters, Zuk talks about the several preferences, mythologies, and stereotypes that influence the way we view the

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Cheating in Academic Institutions Essay - 900 Words

Cheating in Academic Institutions Cheating has always been a problem in the history of academics. Academic institutions continue to develop new ways to prevent cheating from happening; while at the same time cheaters come up with even better ways to cheat. This conflict brings up many moral issues as well. To settle these issues, academic institutions create honor codes that show students that cheating is unacceptable and morally wrong; however, some students come up with their own reasons for getting around that code. As one student, John Smolik, says, â€Å"Cheating is an answer.† (Clayton 20) John Smolik did not actually believe that himself, he was just stating what a popular belief among students is. The article, â€Å"A Whole Lot†¦show more content†¦He says that the reason is a change in moral values. Cheating has been made so much easier with a lack of guilt and a lack of good role models. The next part that Clayton discusses is that colleges are cracking down on cheaters. He establishes more of his ethos by making examples of what kinds of faults colleges have in academic integrity and what they plan on doing about it. Some are developing newsletters and pamphlets to inform students and faculty about the rules and morals of academic integrity. Logos plays a major part in the structure of this section. Most of what Clayton writes is based on facts and what develops from those facts; although, pathos makes up one small paragraph. The paragraph discusses that the students may not be entirely to blame for cheating. Students may be swayed to cheat because â€Å"†¦time and workload pressure are major factors spurring academic dishonesty.† (Clayton 22). Even students say that cheating can actually help the education process by making students remember answers says Anne-Elyse Smith. Even with these statements, colleges do not accept cheating as an option as it should be. The third section that Clayton discusses is about high tech. cheating. He explains that high tech. cheating is mainly using the internet to download resources to use as one’s ownShow MoreRelatedStudent Cheating And Its Effects On Society1138 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Cheating Academic dishonesty is a common concept that occurs in multiple institutions across the United States. A student who engages in academic dishonestly simply cheats on material but cheats by primarily plagiarizing their work. The bulk of students who cheat simply cheat by using technology. As technology advances, student cheating advances. Students are fixated with technology and technology, is a vast reason why cheating has became effortless to accomplish. However, that does not triggerRead MorePlagiarism And Plagiarism For Academic Integrity995 Words   |  4 Pages In my opinion, academic integrity refers to the principles associated with being honest and responsible in one academic work. Academic integrity is a vital concept for all academic institutions throughout the globe especially in an era where academic dishonesty is gaining momentum. Cheating and plagiarism represent unethical academic behaviors against which higher academic institutions have been battling against. No wadays, plagiarism and cheating tools have been greatly influenced by new technologicalRead MoreAcademic Cheating Is The Act Of Being Dishonest899 Words   |  4 PagesAcademic Cheating Academic cheating is the act of being dishonest in assignment or examinations at school (McCabe, Donald, Trevino, and Butterfield 2). It shows a lack of academic integrity. In the recent times, academic cheating is becoming more rampant, and this was confirmed by the many numbers of students who have admitted that they do cheat. Academic cheating can be inform of copying from different tests or other student work, getting or giving help during exams, use of crib notes or even gettingRead MoreReflective Paper959 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Academic Honesty your name Class number Date Instructor Name Importance of Academic Honesty This paper will explain the importance of academic honesty in students’ life. â€Å"Academic honesty means the performance of all academic work without cheating, lying, dishonesty of any kind, getting any unauthorized assistance and favors from anyone† (Valdosta State University). Academic honesty helps to motivate students to become better human beings. It is very important aspect ofRead MoreAcademic Integrity : Types Of Academic Dishonesty And Prevention Methods1743 Words   |  7 Pages Academic Integrity: Types of academic dishonesty and prevention methods Chetan Muppaneni Webster University Academic Integrity: Types of academic dishonesty and prevention methods Abstract This paper discusses the different types of academic dishonesty and the prevention measures that are taken to maintain academic integrity. The need of following the codes/rules of the institutions and to promote the academic integrity is mainly on the students and the faculty. The paper discussesRead MoreAcademic Honesty and Its Value in a Students Life1821 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: Academic Honesty Abstract This paper is based on the academic honesty and how it is so valuable in a students life. Indeed, the importance of maintaining academic honesty is also discussed in a comprehensive manner as a highlighting facet. Moreover, the aspects through which academic honesty can lead them towards better human being in their lives and entire professional life has also been under discussion. Furthermore, the emphasis has also been made that students are not theRead MoreWhy Students Cheat : Cheating1469 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Students Cheat Cheating by students no matter their grade level has been a prevalent problem among schools for several years. One discouraging fact for academic institutions is that cheating has only gotten worse not better. Cheating can be carried out in a plethora of ways, such as copying off of other students during a test, copying another students homework, using a cell phone to either text answers or look them up, using crib notes or even copy and pasting whole written works and tryingRead MoreCheating As A Way Of Life879 Words   |  4 PagesCheating is known as a way of life for some individuals in this day and age. There are various types of cheating, for instance, in academics, relationships, or in the work place. Deceiving is too often accepted nowadays and it is not seen as an insult or a sin. Is cheating approved, as there is less religion and morals in the world? Consequently, few people have never cheated in their lives in any aspect of growth. Cheating has become extra common in re lationships and academic institutions as a resultRead MoreThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1149 Words   |  5 PagesStealing, lying, and cheating are wrong, yet every day in the workplace these issues occur. Growing competition lends to the need for people to do what they can to get ahead and stay ahead. Ethics are pushed to the side as people try to gain power or to stay out of trouble, all at the risk of tarnishing their character. This same mindset has spilled over into Academia. A student’s desire to successfully earn a degree by any means necessary has caused educational institutions to address these ethicalRead MoreThe Cheating Scandal Of Stuyvesant High School Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesStudents Are Suspended in Stuyvesant Cheating In the perspective of a Functionalist, a limited amount of crime is necessary of all societies (Farley and Flota 2013, 315). The cheating scandal that occurred at Stuyvesant High School would be described by Durkheim and other Functionalists as normal and beneficial to the entire high school. Deviance, in this case cheating, enables societies to adapt (Farley and Flota 2013, 315). By punishing the twelve students and speculating punishment for 54 other

Hinayan and Mahayn Free Essays

string(40) " Twelve Enlightening Deeds of a Buddha\." Introductory Comparison of Hinayana and Mahayana Alexander Berzin Berlin, Germany, January 2002 [edited transcript] The Terms Hinayana and Mahayana The terms Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle or Modest Vehicle) and Mahayana (Greater Vehicle or Vast Vehicle) originated in The Prajnaparamita Sutras (The Sutras on Far-Reaching Discriminating Awareness, The Perfection of Wisdom Sutras). They are a rather derogatory pair of words, aggrandizing Mahayana and putting down Hinayana. Alternative terms for them, however, have many other shortcomings, and so therefore I shall use these more standard terms for them here. We will write a custom essay sample on Hinayan and Mahayn or any similar topic only for you Order Now See: The Terms Hinayana and Mahayana. ] Hinayana encompasses eighteen schools. The most important for our purposes are Sarvastivada and Theravada. Theravada is the one extant today in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Sarvastivada was widespread in Northern India when the Tibetans started to travel there and Buddhism began to be transplanted to Tibet. There were two main divisions of Sarvastivada based on philosophical differences: Vaibhashika and Sautrantika. Hinayana tenet systems studied at the Indian monastic universities such as Nalanda, and later by the Tibetan Mahayanists, are from these two schools. The lineage of monastic vows followed in Tibet is from another Sarvastivada subdivision, Mulasarvastivada. [See: A Brief History of Buddhism in India before the Thirteenth-Century Invasions. ] Buddhas and Arhats There is quite a significant difference between the Hinayana and Mahayana presentations of arhats and Buddhas. Both agree that arhats, or liberated beings, are more limited than Buddhas, or enlightened beings, are. Mahayana formulates this difference in terms of two sets of obscurations: the emotional ones, which prevent liberation, and the cognitive ones, which prevent omniscience. Arhats are free of only the former, whereas Buddhas are free of both. This division is not found in Hinayana. It is purely a Mahayana formulation. To gain liberation or enlightenment, both Hinayana and Mahayana assert that one needs nonconceptual cognition of the lack of an impossible â€Å"soul. † Such a lack is often called â€Å" selflessness,† anatma in Sanskrit, the main Indian scriptural language of Sarvastivada and Mahayana; anatta in Pali, the scriptural language of Theravada. The Hinayana schools assert this lack of an impossible â€Å"soul† with respect only to persons, not all phenomena. Persons lack a â€Å"soul,† an atman, that is unaffected by anything, partless, and separable from a body and a mind, and which can be cognized on its own. Such a â€Å"soul† is impossible. With just the understanding that there is no such thing as this type of â€Å"soul† with respect to persons, one can become either an arhat or a Buddha. The difference depends on how much positive force or so-called â€Å" merit† one builds up. Because of their development of the enlightening aim of bodhichitta, Buddhas have built up far more positive force than arhats have. Mahayana asserts that Buddhas understand the lack of an impossible â€Å"soul† with respect to all phenomena as well as with respect to persons. They call this lack â€Å"voidness. † The various Indian schools of Mahayana differ regarding whether or not arhats also understand the voidness of phenomena. Within Mahayana, Prasangika Madhyamaka asserts that they do. However, the four Tibetan traditions explain this point differently regarding the Prasangika assertion. Some say that the voidness of phenomena understood by arhats is different from that understood by Buddhas; some assert the two voidnesses are the same. Some say that the scope of phenomena to which the voidness of phenomena applies is more limited for arhats than it is for Buddhas; some assert it is the same. There is no need to go into all the details here. [See: Comparison of the Hinayana and Mahayana Assertions of the Understandings of Voidness by Arhats and Buddhas. ] Further Points Concerning Buddhas and Arhats The assertions of Hinayana and Mahayana concerning arhats and Buddhas differ in many other ways. Theravada, for instance, asserts that one of the differences between a shravaka or â€Å"listener† striving toward the liberation of an arhat and a bodhisattva striving toward the enlightenment of a Buddha is that shravakas study with Buddhist teachers, while bodhisattvas do not. The historical Buddha, Shakyamuni, for instance, did not study with another Buddha. He studied only with non-Buddhist teachers, whose methods he ultimately rejected. In the fact that Buddha’s understanding and attainment id not arise from reliance on a Buddhist teacher, Theravada asserts that a Buddha’s wisdom surpasses that of an arhat. In addition, bodhisattvas work to become universal Buddhist teachers; shravakas do not, although as arhats they certainly teach disciples. Before passing away, Buddha himself deputed his arhat disciple Shariputra to continue â€Å"turning the wheel of Dharma . † According to Theravada, however, Buddhas excel arhats in being more skillful in methods for leading others to liberation and in the breadth of their conduct of teaching. This is the meaning of a Buddha’s being omniscient. However, according to this presentation, a Buddha would not know everyone’s address and would have to ask such information from others. According to the Vaibhashika school of Hinayana, Buddhas are actually omniscient in knowing such information, but they only know one thing at a time. According to Mahayana, omniscience means knowing everything simultaneously. This follows from its view that everything is interconnected and interdependent; we cannot speak of just one piece of information, totally unrelated to the rest. Hinayana says that the historical Buddha achieved enlightenment in his lifetime and, like an arhat, when he died, his mental continuum came to an end. Therefore, according to Hinayana, Buddhas teach only for the rest of the lifetime in which they achieve enlightenment. They do not emanate to countless world systems and go on teaching forever, as Mahayana asserts. Only Mahayana asserts that the historical Buddha became enlightened in a previous lifetime many eons ago, by studying with Buddhist teachers. He was just demonstrated enlightenment under the bodhi tree as one of the twelve enlightening deeds of a Buddha. The precursor of this description of a Buddha is found in the Mahasanghika School of Hinayana, another of the eighteen Hinayana schools, but is not found in either Sarvastivada or Theravada. [See: The Twelve Enlightening Deeds of a Buddha. You read "Hinayan and Mahayn" in category "Essay examples" ] Concerning Buddhas, another major difference is that only Mahayana asserts the three corpuses or bodies of a Buddha – Nirmanakaya, Sambhogakaya, and Dharmakaya. Hinayana does not assert them. Thus, the concept of a Buddha is significantly different in Hinayana and Mahayana. [See: Identifying the Objects of Safe Direction (Refuge). The Pathway Minds Leading to Liberation and Enlightenment Hinayana and Mahayana both assert that the stages of progress to the purified state, or â€Å"bodhi,† of either an arhat or a Buddha entail developing five levels of pathway mind – the so-called â€Å"five paths. † These are a building-up pathway mind or path of accumulation, a n applying pathway mind or path of preparation, a seeing pathway mind or path of seeing, an accustoming pathway mind or path of meditation, and a path needing no further training or path of no more learning. Shravakas and bodhisattvas who attain a seeing pathway of mind both become aryas, highly realized beings. Both have nonconceptual cognition of the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths. [See: The Five Pathway Minds: Basic Presentation. See also: The Sixteen Aspects and the Sixteen Distorted Ways of Embracing the Four Noble Truths. ] Both Hinayana and Mahayana agree that a seeing pathway mind rids both arya shravakas and arya bodhisattvas of doctrinally based disturbing emotions, while an accustoming pathway mind rids them of automatically arising disturbing emotions. The former are based on learning the set of assertions of one of the non-Buddhist Indian schools, while the latter arise automatically in everyone, including animals. The list of disturbing emotions that shravaka and bodhisattva aryas rid themselves of is part of a larger list of mental factors. Each of the Hinayana schools has its own list of mental factors, while Mahayana asserts yet another list. Many of the mental factors are defined differently in each list. Both Hinayana and Mahayana agree that the course of progressing through the five pathway minds entails practicing the thirty-seven factors leading to a purified state. A â€Å"purified state† or â€Å" bodhi† refers to either arhatship or Buddhahood. These thirty-seven factors include the four close placements of mindfulness, the eight branches of an arya pathway mind (the eightfold noble path), and so on. They are very important. In anuttarayoga tantra, the thrity-seven are represented by Yamantaka’s thirty-four arms plus his body, speech and mind, as well as by the dakinis in the body mandala of Vajrayogini. The thirty-seven are a standard set of practices. The specifics of each practice, however, are often different in Hinayana and Mahayana. See: The Theravada Practice of the Four Close Placements of Mindfulness. See also: The Four Close Placements of Mindfulness According to Mahayana. ] Both Hinayana and Mahayana assert that the scheme of stream-enterer, once-returner, non-returner and arhat refers to stages of an arya shravaka’s path, but not to the path of an arya bodhisattva. Thus, stream-enterers have nonconceptu al cognition of the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths, which include nonconceptual cognition of the lack of an impossible â€Å"soul† of persons. We should not think that stream-enterer is a beginner level. So if someone claims to have achieved the state of a stream-enterer, be suspicious. Hinayana does not provide an extensive explanation of the bodhisattva pathway minds. Mahayana, however, explains that an arya bodhisattva’s path to enlightenment entails progressing through the development of ten levels of bhumi-mind. These levels of mind do not pertain to the path of shravakas. Both Hinayana and Mahayana agree that traversing the bodhisattva path to enlightenment takes more time than traversing the shravaka one to arhatship. Only Mahayana, however, speaks of building up the two enlightenment-building networks – the two collections – for three zillion eons. â€Å" Zillion,† usually translated as â€Å"countless,† means a finite number, though we would be unable to count it. Shravakas, on the other hand, can attain arhatship in as short as three lifetimes. In the first lifetime, one becomes a stream-enterer, in the next lifetime a once-returner, and in the third lifetime, one becomes a non-returner, achieves liberation, and becomes an arhat. This is quite tempting for many people. The assertion that arhats are selfish is like bodhisattva propaganda. It is basically meant to point out an extreme to avoid. The sutras record that Buddha asked his sixty arhat disciples to teach. If they were truly selfish, they would not have agreed to do so. Arhats, however, can only help others to a more limited extent than Buddhas can. Both, however, can only help those with the karma to be helped by them. Bodhisattvas It is important to realize that the Hinayana schools do assert that before becoming a Buddha, one follows the bodhisattva path. Both Hinayana and Mahayana have versions of the Jataka tales describing the previous lives of Buddha Shakyamuni as a bodhisattva. Starting with King Siri Sanghabodhi in the third century CE, many Sri Lankan kings even called themselves bodhisattvas. Of course, this is a little tricky to untangle because there was some Mahayana present in Sri Lanka at the time. Whether this idea of bodhisattva kings preexisted a Mahayana influence is hard to say, but it did happen. Even more surprisingly, in the fifth century CE, the elders at the Sri Lankan capital Anuradhapura declared Buddhaghosa, a great Theravada Abhidharma master, to be an incarnation of the bodhisattva Maitreya. Mahayana asserts that there are a thousand Buddhas in this â€Å"fortunate eon† who will start universal religions, and there have been and will be many more Buddhas in other world ages. Mahayana also asserts that everyone can become a Buddha, because everyone has the Buddha-nature factors that enable this attainment. Hinayana does not discuss Buddha-nature. Nevertheless, Theravada does mention hundreds of Buddhas of the past. One Theravada sutta even lists twenty-seven by name. All of them were bodhisattvas before becoming Buddhas. Theravada asserts that there will be innumerable Buddhas in the future as well, including Maitreya as the next one, and that anyone can become a Buddha if they practice the ten far-reaching attitudes. The Ten Far-Reaching Attitudes Mahayana says that the ten far-reaching attitudes are practiced only by bodhisattvas and not by shravakas. This is because Mahayana defines a far-reaching attitude or â€Å"perfection† as one that is held by the force of a bodhichitta aim. According to Theravada, however, so long as the ten attitudes are held by the force of renunciation, the determination to be free, bodhichitta is not necessary for their practice to be far-reaching and act as a cause for liberation. Thus, Theravada asserts that both bodhisattvas and shravakas practice ten far-reaching attitudes. Aside from the different motivating aims behind them, the other main difference between a bodhisattva’s and a shravaka’s practice of the ten is the degree of their intensity. Thus, each of the ten far-reaching attitudes has three stages or degrees: ordinary, medium, and highest. For example, the highest practice of generosity would be giving one’s body to feed a hungry tigress, as Buddha did in a previous life as a bodhisattva. The list of the ten far-reaching attitudes also differs slightly in Theravada and Mahayana. The Mahayana list is: * generosity * ethical self-discipline * patience * joyful perseverance * mental stability * discriminating awareness * skill in means How to cite Hinayan and Mahayn, Essay examples